As the holy month of Ramadan approaches in 2026, anticipated to commence around February 18 or 19 subject to moonsighting reports, medical experts and nutritionists are emphasising the importance of careful health planning. For many Muslims worldwide, this period involves fasting, prayer, and reflection, but it is crucial to ensure that spiritual practices do not compromise physical well-being.
Understanding Who Should Avoid Fasting
Fasting is not recommended for individuals who are frail, in generally poor health, or currently ill with infections such as flu or COVID. Those with specific health conditions, including diabetes, kidney disease, or heart disease, may also be exempt, alongside individuals undergoing cancer treatment. Pregnant and breastfeeding women, as well as those experiencing their menstrual cycle, are similarly advised not to fast.
Guidance for Individuals with Heart Conditions
Dr Roy Jogiya, Chief Medical Advisor at Heart Research UK, explains that fasting can be safe for many people with stable heart conditions. This includes those with well-controlled blood pressure, stable coronary heart disease, previous heart attacks with good recovery, or mild, stable heart valve disease. However, he stresses that it is not universally applicable and requires individual assessment.
Dr Roy advises that anyone with a heart condition should consult their doctor before fasting, particularly if they have experienced symptoms of heart failure, significant valve disease, a recent heart attack, or heart surgery. Even those with stable conditions should seek medical advice if symptoms suddenly change. Additionally, individuals requiring multiple daytime medications or diuretics may need tailored guidance, and it is essential never to alter or stop heart medications without professional consultation.
Critical Warning Signs During Fasting
Dr Roy urges those fasting to seek immediate medical attention if they experience chest pain, worsening breathlessness, dizziness or fainting, palpitations, or unusual fatigue. These symptoms should not be ignored, as they could indicate serious health issues that require prompt intervention.
Nutritional Strategies for a Heart-Healthy Ramadan
Amie Leckie, a qualified nutritionist at Heart Research UK, provides practical insights into maintaining cardiovascular health during Ramadan through six key steps:
1. Prioritise a Balanced, Nutrient-Dense Suhoor
A well-planned suhoor meal is vital for sustaining energy and nutrient levels throughout the day. Amie recommends incorporating lean proteins such as chicken, eggs, and legumes, alongside complex carbohydrates and fibre to slow digestion and maintain stable blood sugar. Switching to heart-healthy fats like olive oil, avocados, nuts, and seeds is also advised for long-term cardiovascular benefits.
2. Break Your Fast with Hydration and Electrolytes
Dehydration can strain the cardiovascular system, especially during extended fasts. Amie suggests starting iftar with water and electrolytes, such as coconut water or homemade broths, to support blood volume and pressure regulation. Spreading fluid intake throughout the evening and including water-rich foods like cucumbers, watermelon, and soups can further aid hydration.
3. Avoid Excessive Sugar, Salt, and Ultra-Processed Foods
Diets high in sugar and salt can lead to increased blood pressure, blood sugar spikes, and unfavourable cholesterol changes, counteracting the potential benefits of fasting. It is important to avoid high-sugar, refined carbohydrates like biscuits, sweets, and pastries, as well as sugary drinks.
4. Maintain Overall Energy Balance and Mindful Eating
While Ramadan fasting has been linked to improvements in cholesterol profiles, blood pressure, and weight, overconsumption after sunset can negate these advantages. Amie recommends eating mindfully, listening to hunger cues, and spreading meals over the evening to avoid digestive strain and maintain energy balance.
5. Opt for Gentle Physical Activity
Light exercise during Ramadan can help maintain cardiovascular fitness, support circulation, and manage blood sugar levels without causing excessive fatigue or dehydration. Activities should be tailored to individual energy levels and health status.
6. Pay Attention to Sleep and Rest
Changes in meal timing and night-time prayers can disrupt sleep patterns, potentially affecting energy levels and heart health. Amie advises aiming for consistent sleep and wake times where possible and taking short daytime naps if nighttime sleep is reduced to support overall well-being.
Conclusion: Flexibility in Islamic Teachings
Dr Roy concludes by highlighting that Islamic teachings recognise flexibility for those whose health may be adversely affected by fasting. It is essential to prioritise health and seek exemptions when necessary, ensuring that the spiritual journey of Ramadan remains safe and fulfilling for all participants.
